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SEMESTER SPRING 2022

Introduction to Sociology (SOC101) Assignment No. 01

Due Date: 13-06-2022 Assignment marks: 20

“Origin of Sociology”

Assignment Objective

Upon completion of this assignment, the students will be able to understand the contribution of classical theorist in the origin and development of sociology as a discipline.

 

Background

Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, groups and societies. Sociology as a distinct discipline emerged about the middle of the 19th century when European social observers began to use scientific methods to test their ideas. Different theorist contributed in the origin and the development of sociology with their work.

 

Question:

In the given scenarios, background and major work of sociologists are explained. Identify the theorist name and write down his\her three major contributions in the domain of sociology. Explain the theorist work briefly and write it in your own words.

 

 Scenario Identification

Of the theorist

 Major contributions in the domain of Sociology
He was French and credited with being the founder of sociology. He migrated from a small town to Paris. He advocated for building new societies on twin foundations of science and industry rather than on religion and landowner-serf relationship. Auguste Comte • Gave the idea of Postivism • Applied scientific methods to the Social world and after getting required results And social change give a new science as sociology in 1838 • He was primary founder of Sociology
He was an Englishman. He believed that society operates under some fixed laws and evolve from lower to higher forms. He was a social philosopher rather than a social researcher. Herbert Spenser • Known as second founder of Sociology • Explained Society operate under fixed laws • He said society evolved from lower to higher form • Applied ideas of Darwin • Was a social philosopher
He was a German. According to him the key to human history is Conflict.  He discussed the clash among two groups of people for scarce economic resources in the social world Because of his insights into the relationship between the social classes, he is claimed to be an early sociologist. He introduced one of the major perspectives in sociology. Karl Marx • developed his historical materialist theory and method for studying society. In The German Ideology, written with Friedrich Engels, Marx explained that society is divided into two realms: the base, and the superstructure. • Write widely about Philosophy,economics And history • He was also an early sociologist
He was French. His primary goal was of getting sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline. He identified the key role of social integration in social life. A concept developed by sociologist in which we study how values, culture, and norms control the actions and beliefs of individuals and society as a whole. Emile Durkheim help define and establish the field of sociology as an academic discipline. Durkheim distinguished sociology from philosophy, psychology, economics, and other social science disciplines by arguing that society was an entity of its own. • Idenfied key role of social interaction
He was a German. His thoughts on power and social classification of the individuals in the social world, which he shared in his book titled Economy and Society, led to the complex formulations of socioeconomic status and social class. The theorist described how the idea of power, property and prestige classify the individuals of the social world? Max Weber He worked on cross cultural and historical material in order to determine how extensively social groups affect people orientation to life • He was proponent of anti-positivism thought and argued that society can be understood by studying social actions through interpretive meaning the actors (individual) attach to their own actions

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